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Bouvier Index Main page and Index of Breeds |
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Guinea is partial heir to the series of west African empires
that, at their height before the arrival of the Europeans,
cast significant political and commercial influence over many
peoples from Guinea's Atlantic coast to the southern edge of
the Sahara. The empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai spanned
the period from about the 10th to the 15th centuries.
French military penetration into the area began in the
mid-19th century. Guinea became an independent republic in 1958.
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Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet
republic in 1925. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution
of the USSR in 1991. President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over
the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive Hudrocarbon/natural
gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if
extraction and delivery projects were to be expanded. Turkmenistan is
on the east side of the Caspian Sea, just above Iran. It is slightly
larger than California in size. Its terrain is flat-to-rolling sandy
desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains
along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west. The religion is
Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%. The capital is Ashgabsat.
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